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Understanding Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Date: 08 Jul 2025

Otitis externa, commonly known as swimmer’s ear, is an infection or inflammation of the external ear canal—the tube that runs from the outer ear to the eardrum. This condition is particularly common in individuals who spend a lot of time in water, especially swimmers, hence the name. However, it can also affect people who excessively clean their ears, wear earbuds or hearing aids frequently, or have certain skin conditions.

Otitis externa can range from mild irritation and itching to severe pain and swelling. Fortunately, with early detection and the right care—including appropriate medication and preventive habits—most cases can be managed successfully. In this article, we explore the causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention measures for otitis externa, along with recommended over-the-counter products from Pharmily Kenya that may help in managing this condition effectively.

What Causes Otitis Externa?

Otitis externa is typically caused by a bacterial or fungal infection in the ear canal. The external ear is naturally protected by a layer of earwax (cerumen), which keeps the environment slightly acidic and prevents infections. However, when this protective barrier is disrupted, it creates a favorable environment for microbial growth.

Common causes include:

  • Water trapped in the ear after swimming or bathing, leading to a moist environment that allows bacteria or fungi to multiply.
     
  • Excessive cleaning of ears, especially with cotton swabs, which can damage the skin lining of the ear canal.
     
  • Use of in-ear devices like earphones, hearing aids, or earplugs that trap moisture or irritate the skin.
     
  • Dermatological conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis, which can compromise the skin barrier.
     
  • Allergic reactions to hair products, shampoos, or hearing aid materials.
     

People with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses such as diabetes are more susceptible to developing severe or recurrent otitis externa.

 

Symptoms of Otitis Externa

Symptoms of otitis externa can vary depending on the severity of the infection. They typically develop within a few days of exposure or skin damage.

Common symptoms include:

  • Ear pain, especially when touching or pulling the outer ear
     
  • Itching and irritation in the ear canal
     
  • Redness and swelling of the ear canal
     
  • Muffled hearing or a sensation of fullness in the ear
     
  • Drainage of fluid or pus from the ear
     
  • Tenderness around the ear or jaw
     

In severe cases, individuals may experience fever, swollen lymph nodes, or spreading redness beyond the ear canal.

 

Treatment Options for Otitis Externa

Treatment typically depends on the cause and severity of the infection. Most cases resolve within 7 to 10 days with appropriate treatment.

Standard treatments include:

  1. Topical antibiotic ear drops – These help fight bacterial infections and may be combined with steroids to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
     
  2. Antifungal drops – Used when a fungal infection is suspected or confirmed.
     
  3. Pain relievers – Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and swelling.
     
  4. Ear canal cleaning – Done by a healthcare provider to remove debris or wax, allowing medications to reach the affected area more effectively.
     
  5. Drying agents – Acetic acid or alcohol-based ear drops help dry out moisture and restore a healthy ear environment.
     

During treatment, it’s important to keep the ear dry and avoid inserting anything into it, including cotton swabs or earbuds.

 

Preventing Otitis Externa

Prevention is key, especially for those prone to recurring ear infections. Simple steps can go a long way in keeping your ears healthy:

  • Keep your ears dry: Tilt your head after swimming or showering to drain water, and gently dry the outer ear with a towel.
     
  • Use earplugs or swim caps when swimming, especially in untreated water.
     
  • Avoid inserting objects into your ears, including fingers and cotton buds.
     
  • Use acidifying ear drops after swimming to restore the ear’s natural pH and prevent microbial growth.
     
  • Manage underlying skin conditions with appropriate skincare and medications.
     

 

Pharmily Products for Otitis Externa

Here are some helpful over-the-counter options available at Pharmily Kenya to support treatment and prevention:

1. Swim Ear Drops 30ml

These drops are designed to dry out moisture trapped in the ears after swimming or bathing. They help maintain an acidic environment in the ear canal, discouraging bacterial growth. Ideal for frequent swimmers and children.

2. Otipax Ear Drops

Otipax combines an analgesic (pain reliever) with a mild antiseptic, making it suitable for early-stage infections and symptom relief. It’s safe and commonly used to reduce pain and inflammation in the ear canal.

3. Cerumol Ear Drops

Cerumol is excellent for softening earwax and clearing ear canal blockages. This allows for better penetration of medical ear drops and can prevent wax buildup, a common trigger for infection.

4. Care+ Extra Virgin Olive Oil Ear Drops 10ml

This natural, soothing product is great for softening wax and calming irritated ear canals. It’s gentle enough for daily maintenance and ideal for individuals with sensitive ears or recurring dryness.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How long does it take for otitis externa to heal?

Most mild cases of otitis externa heal within 7 to 10 days with proper treatment. Symptoms like pain and itching often improve within 48 hours of starting medication.

2. Can I swim while being treated for otitis externa?

It’s best to avoid swimming or getting your ears wet while undergoing treatment. Water exposure can delay healing and worsen the infection.

3. Are cotton buds safe for cleaning ears?

No. Cotton buds can irritate the skin, push wax deeper, and damage the ear canal lining—raising the risk of infections like otitis externa. Let the ear clean itself naturally or use ear drops for wax removal.

4. When should I see a doctor?

See a doctor if symptoms persist after 3 days of treatment, worsen over time, or if you experience fever, discharge, or severe swelling. People with diabetes or weakened immune systems should seek medical care immediately at the first sign of ear pain or discharge.